Royal Counsel in the Sanskrit Narrative Literatures
Royal Counsel in the Sanskrit Narrative Literatures
This book examines the most famous narratives written in Sanskrit, asking what they reveal of the culture of politics in India and in Hinduism in particular. It argues that narratives put metaphorical flesh on the proverbial bare bones of ethical and religious doctrine, seeking to immerse their audiences in story so as to transform their perception of themselves, the world, and the proper ways of being and acting therein.
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Brahmins and Kings examines some of the most well-known and widely circulated narratives in the history of Sanskrit literature, including the Mahābhārata, the Rāmāyaṇa, Viṣṇuśarman's famed animal stories (the Pañcatantra), Somadeva's labyrinthine Ocean of Rivers of Stories (the Kathāsaritsāgara), Kalhaṇa's Chronicle of the Kings of Kashmir (the Rājataraṅgiṇī), and two of the most famous plays in the history of Sanskrit literature, Kālidāsa's Abhijñānaśākuntala and Harṣa's Ratnāvalī. Offering a sustained, close, intertextual reading of these works, John Nemec shows that these texts all share a common frame: they feature stories of the mutual relations of kṣatriya kings with Brahmins, and they depict Brahmins advising political figures. More than this, they not only narrate instances of royal counsel but also are composed in a manner that renders the stories themselves as instances of counsel.
Based in the technical literatures on Hindu Law and on statecraft-the Dharmaśāstras and the Arthaśāstra and related works—the counsel in question elaborates a model of action that synthesizes views found in both, recommending a kind of virtue ethic that suggests one may do well in the world by being good. Doing well involves succeeding in both worldly and otherworldly affairs; being good involves following Brahminical teachings and upholding the dharmic norms they regularly articulate in text. This ethic encompasses all human action and practice, defines the counsel offered by these texts, and seeks with it to engage the king, his princes, and queens across the spectrum of their subjective experience: intellectually, emotionally, humorously.
Ultimately, this book argues that, just as the rulers in these narratives receive moral instruction, their audiences do, as well. By putting metaphorical flesh on the proverbial bare bones of doctrinal ideals and ideas, these texts seek to shape not just readers' thoughts but also their emotions and cultivated instincts, intending to transform their very way of engaging the world by immersing them in the dreamworld of stories.
